Northview Senior Wright Wins Pensacola Heritage Foundation Scholarship

April 28, 2014

Northview High School senior Victoria Wright has been awarded a $1,000 scholarship by the Pensacola Heritage Foundation, Inc. Her essay on Pensacola’s local heritage was judged he best submitted by a group of Pensacola Heritage Foundation members.

Wright has been accepted to The United States Air Force Academy. Her winning essay is reprinted below.

The History of Pensacola

Victoria Wright

“If you don’t know where you’ve come from, you don’t know where you are.” -James Burke

Pensacola is commonly referred to as “The City of Five Flags;” however, it hasn’t always had this name. In the early 1500s Pensacola Bay was known as Polonza or Ochuse, to Ponce De Léon, Pánfilo de Narváez, Hernado de Soto and the other early explorers of the New World. People have been enjoying the white sandy beaches, and crystal clear blue waters of Pensacola, since Don Tristán de Luna y Areallno and more than 1,500 people from Vera Cruz, Mexico settled here on August 15, 1559.

The first citizens of Pensacola didn’t last long because of a hurricane on September 19, just a month and four days after they arrived. This hurricane brought death to hundreds, and destroyed most of the Spanish fleet, which were still holding the supplies needed to establish a colony. The majority of surviving settlers decided to relocate, leaving only 50 behind in Pensacola. This last group, which was a military detachment, decided to sail home to Mexico in 1561. It was then concluded that the northwest part of Florida was too dangerous to settle.

135 years later on February 2, 1686, Juan Enriques Barroto led an expedition that entered the Pensacola Bay. That expedition set way for Admiral Andres de Pez’s expedition of the bay in April of 1693. A little over a year later, the King of Spain gave them his permission to settle Pensacola. This settlement would fare a little better than the first, but not by much. In 1702 the newly Spanish settlers suffered what is now believed to be a yellow fever epidemic. Five years after this tragedy, with urging from the British, the Creek Indians attacked and burned down the Spanish Pensacola. After recapturing the city in 1719, the Spanish would lose it again, but this time to the French.

The French sailed from Mobile on May 13, 1719 in attempts to capture the town. Three days later under the command of Brothers Jean Baptiste Le Moyne and Sieur de Bienville, the French fired on Fort San Carlos and captured the town. France and Spain made peace with one another in 1720, but two short years later, the French burned Pensacola and the Spanish secured the return of Pensacola to Spain. The Spanish flag would fly over Pensacola for 22 years before a different country’s emblem would replace it.

In 1763 the signing of a treaty would transfer the control of Florida to the British. In August of that year, Augustine Prevost would arrive in Pensacola to accept the transfer and take command of the city. From the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775, until the British lost in 1783, the city of Pensacola and state of Florida as a whole, remained faithful to England. In the middle of that war however, Spain declared war on England in June of 1779. This would threaten the peace in the Florida and change the flag flown over the city of Pensacola.

Bernardo de Galvez from Spain sailed from New Orleans in 1781 to capture Pensacola. Galvez laid siege to one of the British’s forts, Fort George, just north of the city of Pensacola. On May 8, 1781, the day after the siege, General John Campbell and the British surrendered Pensacola to Galvez. After this, the British left their fort in Pensacola and ended their history here in the city. When the Revolutionary War was coming to an end in 1783, England gave Florida to Spain in exchange for the Bahamas and Gibraltar.

After the war of 1812, Spain and the United States signed the Adams-Onis Treaty, on February 22, 1819. This treaty would give the United States the state of Florida and set the boundary between the US and New Spain. It would be two years later on July 17, 1821, when Florida would officially became a part of the United States after a flag-exchanging ceremony in Pensacola. The flag of the United States of America would fly overhead until Florida seceded from the Union on January 10, 1861 as a part of the Civil War. The Confederate flag would find a home in the state of Florida and the city of Pensacola until Florida was readmitted to the Union in 1868. Since then, the flag of the United States of America has flown overhead and has been the last flag to fly atop the City of Five Flags.

Comments

One Response to “Northview Senior Wright Wins Pensacola Heritage Foundation Scholarship”

  1. The Bloodsworth's in Bratt on April 28th, 2014 11:46 pm

    Congratulations Victoria on winning the scholarship. :) Enjoyed the history lesson very much, made some new discoveries, was nice having the facts/events together all in one story. Good job!

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